Site na mmụba na-aga n'ihu nke ikike nchacha zuru ụwa ọnụ, ụkpụrụ ngwaahịa mmanụ na-esiwanye ike, yana mmụba na-aga n'ihu na-achọ ihe akụrụngwa kemịkalụ, oriri nke ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka a na-anụcha ihe na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu. N'ime ha, ọganihu kachasị ngwa ngwa bụ na akụ na ụba ọhụrụ na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe.
N'ihi ngwa ọrụ dị iche iche, ngwaahịa na ihe owuwu ngwaọrụ nke ụlọ nrụpụta ọ bụla, maka iji ihe ndị ọzọ ezubere iche iji nweta ezigbo ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ akụrụngwa kemịkalụ, nhọrọ nke ndị na-eme ka ọ dị mma na mgbanwe ma ọ bụ nhọrọ nhọrọ nwere ike dozie isi nsogbu dị iche iche nke refineries dị iche iche na ngwaọrụ dị iche iche.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na Asia Pacific, Africa na Middle East, ọnụ ọgụgụ oriri na uto nke ihe niile na-eme ka ọ dị elu, gụnyere nchacha, polymerization, chemical synthesis, wdg dị elu karịa mpaghara ndị mepere emepe na Europe na United States.
N'ọdịnihu, mgbasawanye nke mmanụ ụgbọala hydrogenation ga-abụ nke kasị ukwuu, sochiri etiti distillate hydrogenation, FCC, isomerization, hydrocracking, naphtha hydrogenation, mmanụ dị arọ (mmanụ fọdụrụnụ) hydrogenation, alkylation (superposition), mgbanwe, wdg, na kwekọrọ ekwekọ. Ọchịchọ ihe na-akpali akpali ga-abawanye n'otu aka ahụ.
Otú ọ dị, n'ihi usoro ihe eji eme ihe dị iche iche nke ihe ndị na-eme ka mmanụ dị iche iche na-eme ka mmanụ dị mma, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eme ka mmanụ na-emepụta mmanụ apụghị ịba ụba na mgbasawanye nke ikike. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ahịa ahịa si kwuo, ọtụtụ ahịa bụ hydrogenation catalysts (hydrotreating na hydrocracking, na-aza 46% nke ngụkọta), ndị na-eme ka FCC na-esote (40%), na-esote mgbanwe mgbanwe (8%), alkylation catalysts (5%). na ndị ọzọ (1%).
Nke a bụ njirimara bụ isi nke ihe na-enye ike sitere n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ama ama na mba ụwa:
Ụlọ ọrụ 10 ama ama n'ụwa niile
1. Grace Davison, USA
E hiwere Grace Corporation na 1854 ma ọ bụ onye isi na Columbia, Maryland. Grace Davidson bụ onye ndu ụwa na nyocha na mmepụta nke FCC catalysts na ọ bụkwa onye na-ebubata FCC na hydrogenation catalysts n'ụwa.
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ngalaba azụmahịa abụọ zuru ụwa ọnụ na-arụ ọrụ, Grace Davison na Grace Specialty Chemicals, na ngalaba ngwaahịa asatọ. Azụmaahịa Grace Davidson gụnyere ihe ndị na-eme ka FCC, ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri na-edozi mmiri, ndị ọkachamara pụrụ iche gụnyere polyolefin catalysts na catalyst carriers, na ihe ndị dabeere na silicon ma ọ bụ silical-aluminom maka mkpuchi mgbasa ozi dijitalụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ndị ahịa, na akwụkwọ obibi akwụkwọ inkjet. Azụmahịa hydrotreating catalyst bụ ART, ụlọ ọrụ jikọrọ aka na-arụ ọrụ.
2, Albemarle American specialty chemicals (ALbemarle) Group
Na 1887, Arbel Paper Company tọrọ ntọala na Richmond, Virginia.
Na 2004, Akzo-Nobel Oil refining catalyst azụmahịa enwetara, banyere n'ihu ọha na ubi nke mmanụ refining catalysts, ma guzobe a catalyst azụmahịa unit na polyolefin catalysts; Bụrụ onye nrụpụta FCC kacha nke abụọ n'ụwa.
Ugbu a, o nwere ihe karịrị 20 mmepụta osisi na North America, Europe, Middle East, South America, Japan na China.
Arpels nwere ụlọ ọrụ R&D 8 na mba 5 yana ụlọ ọrụ ahịa na mba 40 karịa. Ọ bụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na-egbochi ire ere, ihe eji eme ihe kwa ụbọchị, ngwa elektrọn, ngwa ọgwụ, ngwaahịa ugbo, ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala, ihe owuwu na nkwakọ ngwaahịa.
Azụmahịa bụ isi gụnyere ihe mgbakwunye polymer, ihe na-akpata na kemịkalụ dị mma akụkụ atọ.
Enwere isi ihe anọ nke ihe mgbakwunye polymer: ndị na-ere ọkụ ọkụ, antioxidants, ndị na-agwọ ọrịa na ndị na-edozi ahụ;
Azụmahịa nke na-emepụta ihe nwere akụkụ atọ: ihe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, ihe na-eme ka polyolefin, onye na-emepụta kemịkalụ;
Fine Chemicals Business mejupụtara: arụ ọrụ chemicals (agba, alumina), mma chemicals (bromine chemicals, oilfield chemicals) na intermediates (pharmaceuticals, pesticides).
N'ime akụkụ azụmahịa atọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Alpels, ego a na-enweta kwa afọ nke ihe mgbakwunye polymer bụ nke kasị ukwuu, na-esote ihe ndị na-akpali akpali, na ego ahịa nke ezigbo kemịkal bụ nke kacha nta, ma n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga, ego a na-enweta kwa afọ ahịa nke catalyst. azụmahịa ejirila nke nta nke nta mụbaa, ebe ọ bụ na 2008, ọ gafere azụmahịa ihe mgbakwunye polymer.
Azụmahịa Catalyst bụ akụkụ azụmaahịa bụ isi nke Arpell. Arpels bụ nke abụọ na-ebubata ihe na-akpata hydrotreating (30% nke oke ahịa ụwa) yana otu n'ime ndị na-ebubata ihe na-akpata catalytic atọ kacha elu n'ụwa.
3. Dow Chemicals
Dow Chemical bụ ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ dị iche iche nke hiwere isi na Michigan, USA, nke Herbert Henry Dow hiwere na 1897. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ntọala 214 mmepụta na mba 37, nwere ihe karịrị 5,000 ụdị ngwaahịa, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mpaghara 10 dị ka ụgbọ ala, ihe owuwu ụlọ, ọkụ eletrik, na ọgwụ. Na 2009, Dow họọrọ 127th na Fortune Global 500 na 34th na Fortune National 500. N'ihe gbasara mkpokọta akụ, ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa, nke abụọ na DuPont Chemical nke United States; N'ihe gbasara ego a na-enweta kwa afọ, ọ bụkwa ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ nke abụọ n'ụwa, na-esote BASF Germany; Ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ 46,000 n'ụwa niile; E kewara ya na ngalaba azụmahịa 7 site n'ụdị ngwaahịa: Plastics na-arụ ọrụ, kemịkalụ arụ ọrụ, sayensị ọrụ ugbo, plastik, kemịkalụ bụ isi, Hydrocarbons na Energy, Venture Capital. Azụmahịa Catalysts bụ akụkụ nke ngalaba Chemicals na-arụ ọrụ.
Ihe mkpali Dow gụnyere: NORMAX™ carbonyl synthesis catalyst; METEOR™ na-eme ka ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol; SHAC™ na SHAC™ ADT polypropylene catalysts; DOWEX™ QCAT™ bisphenol Ihe mkpali; Ọ bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta polypropylene n'ụwa niile.
4. ExxonMobil
Exxonmobil bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ kacha ibu n'ụwa, nke hiwere isi na Texas, USA. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nke a na-akpọbu Exxon Corporation na Mobil Corporation, jikọtara ma hazie ya na November 30, 1999. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụkwa ụlọ ọrụ nne na nna nke ExxonMobil, Mobil na Esso n'ụwa nile.
Tọrọ ntọala na 1882, Exxon bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ kacha ukwuu na United States yana otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ asaa kacha ochie na nke kacha ochie n'ụwa. Tọrọ ntọala na 1882, Mobil Corporation bụ ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche na-ejikọta nyocha na mmepe, nnụcha na ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical.
Exxon na Mobil nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ dị elu na Houston, isi ụlọ ọrụ ala dị na Fairfax, yana isi ụlọ ọrụ dị na Irving, Texas. Exxon nwere 70% nke ụlọ ọrụ na Mobil nwere 30%. Exxonmobil, site na ndị mmekọ ya, na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a n'ihe dị ka mba na ókèala 200 gburugburu ụwa ma na-ewe ihe karịrị mmadụ 80,000.
Ihe ndị bụ isi nke Exxonmobil gụnyere mmanụ na gas, ngwaahịa mmanụ na ngwaahịa petrochemical, bụ olefins monomer na polyolefin kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, gụnyere ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene; Ọ bụ ExxonMobil Chemical nwe ụlọ azụmaahịa a na-akpali akpali. E kewara Exxonmobil Chemical n'ime akụkụ azụmahịa anọ: polymers, ihe nkiri polymer, ngwaahịa kemịkalụ na teknụzụ, yana ihe ndị na-akpali akpali bụ akụkụ nke teknụzụ.
UNIVATION, njikọ aka 50-50 n'etiti ExxonMobil na Dow Chemical Company, nwere UNIPOL ™ polyethylene mmepụta teknụzụ yana UCAT ™ na XCAT ™ nwere akara polyolefin.
5. UOP Global Oil Products Company
Tọrọ ntọala na 1914 na isi na Desprine, Illinois, Global Mmanụ Ngwaahịa bụ ụlọ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Na Nọvemba 30, 2005, UOP ghọrọ ihe enyemaka nke Honeywell nwere kpam kpam dịka akụkụ nke azụmahịa atụmatụ aghụghọ nke Honeywell's Specialty Materials.
UOP na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba asatọ: ike mmeghari ohuru na kemịkalụ, adsorbents, ọpụrụiche na ngwaahịa omenala, ncha mmanụ ala, Aromatics and derivatives, linear alkyl benzene na olefins dị elu, olefins ọkụ na akụrụngwa, nhazi gas, na ọrụ.
UOP na-enye imewe, injinia, ọrụ ndụmọdụ, ikike na ọrụ, teknụzụ usoro na mmepụta nke ihe na-akpata, sieves molecular, adsorbents na akụrụngwa pụrụ iche maka nrụpụta mmanụ mmanụ, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmanụ mmanụ na mmanụ gas, nwere ikike teknụzụ 65 dị.
UOP bụ nnukwu zeolite na aluminom phosphate zeolite soplaya nwere ihe karịrị 150 zeolite ngwaahịa maka dewatering, wepụ ihe adịghị ọcha na ngwaahịa nkewa nke gas refinery na mmiri mmiri ihe. Ike mmepụta nke sieve molekụla kwa afọ ruru tọn 70,000. N'ihe gbasara mgbasa ozi sieve molecular, UOP na-ejide 70% nke oke ahịa ụwa.
UOP bụkwa onye na-emepụta alumina kachasị n'ụwa, yana ngwaahịa gụnyere pseudo-alumina, beta-alumina, gamma-alumina na α-alumina, na-enye alumina na-arụ ọrụ na aluminom / silica-aluminom spherical carriers.
UOP nwere ihe karịrị 9,000 patent n'ụwa nile ma wuo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngwaọrụ 4,000 site na iji patent ya na mba 80 karịa. A na-emepụta pasentị iri isii nke mmanụ ụgbọala n'ụwa site na iji teknụzụ UOP. A na-emepụta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke ncha mmiri na-emebi emebi n'ụwa site na iji teknụzụ UOP. N'ime usoro nnụcha isi iri atọ na isii a na-eji ugbu a na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ, UOP mepụtara 31. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, UOP na-emepụta ihe dị ka 100 dị iche iche na-emepụta ihe na adsorbent ngwaahịa maka teknụzụ ikike ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, nke a na-eji na-emezigharị ubi dị ka nhazigharị, isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrofining na oxidative desulphurization, yana na petrochemical ubi gụnyere mmepụta nke aromatics. (benzene, toluene na xylene), propylene, butene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene na cyclohexane.
UOP isi ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-eme mgbanwe, C4 isomerization catalyst, C5 na C6 isomerization catalyst, xylene isomerization catalyst, hydrocracking catalyst nwere ụdị abụọ nke hydrocracking na nwayọọ hydrocracking, hydrotreating catalyst, mmanụ desulfurization mmanụ, sọlfọ mgbake, ọdụ gas mgbanwe na ndị ọzọ mmanụ. na-edozi adsorbents.
6, ART American Advanced refining technology ụlọ ọrụ
Advanced Refining Teknụzụ e hiwere na 2001 dị ka njikọ aka 50-50 n'etiti ngwaahịa mmanụ mmanụ Chevron na Grace-Davidson. E hiwere ART iji jikọta ike teknụzụ nke Grace na Chevron iji zụlite na ire hydrogenation na-eme ka ụlọ ọrụ na-anụcha ihe n'ụwa niile, ma bụrụ onye na-emepụta hydrogenation kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, na-enye ihe karịrị 50% nke ihe na-eme hydrogenation ụwa.
ART jikọtara ngwaahịa na ọrụ ya site na ngalaba ahịa na ụlọ ọrụ nke Grace Corporation na Chevron Corporation n'ụwa niile.
ART nwere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe anọ na otu ụlọ ọrụ nyocha. ART na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe maka hydrocracking, obere hydrocracking, isomerization dewaxing, isomerization reforming na hydrofining.
Ihe na-eme ka ndị isi na-agụnye Isocracking® maka isomerization, Isofinishing® maka isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrocracking dị nro, hydrofining, hydrotreating, residual hydrotreating.
7. Univation Inc
Univation, nke tọrọ ntọala na 1997 ma bụrụ onye isi na Houston, Texas, bụ njikọ 50:50 n'etiti ExxonMobil Chemical Company na Dow Chemical Company.
Univation pụrụ iche na mbufe nke UNIPOL™ fumed polyethylene technology na catalysts, na ọ bụ ụwa na-eduga nkà na ụzụ ikike na zuru ụwa ọnụ soplaya nke catalysts maka polyethylene ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ bụ nke abụọ n'ụwa na-emepụta ihe na onye na-ebubata ihe na-akpata polyethylene, na-aza 30% nke ahịa ụwa. A na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Mont Belvieu, Seadrift na Freeport akụrụngwa na Texas.
Usoro nrụpụta polyethylene nke Univation, nke a maara dị ka UNIPOL™, nwere ugbu a karịa ahịrị mmepụta polyethylene 100 na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na-arụ ya site na iji UNIPOL™ na mba 25, na-aza ihe karịrị 25% nke mkpokọta ụwa.
Ihe na-eme ka ndị isi bụ: 1)UCAT™ chromium catalyst na Ziegler-Natta catalyst; 2) XCAT ™ metallocene catalyst, aha ahia EXXPOL; 3)PRODIGY™ Bimodal Catalyst; 4) UT™ deaeration catalyst.
8. BASF
N'ịbụ nke dị na Munich, Germany, BASF bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ kemịkalụ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa nwere ihe karịrị ngwaahịa 8,000, gụnyere kemịkalụ agbakwunyere dị elu, plastik, akwa akwa, mkpuchi ụgbọ ala, ihe nchebe osisi, ọgwụ ọgwụ, kemịkalụ dị mma, mmanụ na gas.
Basf bụ nnukwu onye na-emepụta maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, aniline, caprolactam na styrene foamed. Polypropylene, polystyrene, hydroxyl mmanya na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ họọrọ nke abụọ n'ụwa; Ethylbenzene, ikike imepụta styrene bụ nke atọ n'ụwa. Basf bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ebunye ihe mgbakwunye nri, gụnyere mono-vitamin, multivitamins, carotenoids, lysine, enzymes na ihe nchekwa nri.
Basf nwere ngalaba azụmahịa isii dị iche iche: Kemịkalụ, Plastics, Ngwọta Ọrụ, Ngwaahịa Arụmọrụ, Agrochemicals na Mmanụ & Gas.
Basf bụ naanị ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ụwa na-ekpuchi azụmahịa niile na-eme ka ọ na-eme ihe, yana ihe karịrị ụdị 200. Ọ na-agụnyekarị: ihe nnụcha mmanụ (FCC catalyst), ihe na-emepụta ụgbọala, ihe na-eme ka mmiri ọgwụ (ọla kọpa chromium catalyst na ruthenium catalyst, wdg), ihe nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, oxidation dehydrogenation catalyst na dehydrogenation purification catalyst.
Basf bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta FCC nke abụọ n'ụwa, yana ihe dịka 12% nke oke ahịa ụwa maka nchacha ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe.
9. BP British Oil Company
BP bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ dị iche iche jikọtara ọnụ na mgbago elu ụwa, nke hiwere isi na London, UK; Azụmahịa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ekpuchi ihe karịrị mba na mpaghara 100, gụnyere nchọpụta mmanụ na gas na mmepụta, nchacha na ire ahịa, ike mmeghari ohuru atọ; E kewara BP n'ime ngalaba azụmahịa atọ: Nnyocha mmanụ na gas na mmepụta, nchacha na ahịa, na azụmaahịa ndị ọzọ (ike ọhụrụ na mmiri). Azụmahịa na-akpali akpali nke BP bụ akụkụ nke Nnụcha na Ịre ahịa.
Ngwaahịa Petrochemical na-agụnye edemede abụọ, ụdị nke mbụ bụ ngwaahịa aromatic na acetic acid series, karịsịa gụnyere PTA, PX na acetic acid; Udi nke abuo bu olefins na ihe ndi ozo, nke gunyere ethylene, propylene na ihe ndi ozo sitere na ala. BP's PTA (isi akụrụngwa maka mmepụta nke polyester), PX (isi akụrụngwa maka mmepụta nke PTA) na acetic acid mmepụta ike ọkwá mbụ n'ụwa. BP ewepụtala teknụzụ nwe ụlọ maka mmepụta PX dabere na akụrụngwa isomerization nke ya na teknụzụ crystallization dị mma. BP nwere teknụzụ na-eduga patent maka mmepụta nke Cativa® acetic acid.
Azụmahịa olefins na nke BP dị na China na Malaysia.
10, Sud-Chemie German Southern Chemical Company
Tọrọ ntọala na 1857, South Chemical Company bụ nnukwu kemịkalụ ọpụrụiche mba dị iche iche edepụtara ụlọ ọrụ nwere ihe karịrị afọ 150 nke akụkọ ntolite, nke hiwere isi na Munich, Germany.
Nanfang Chemical Company ozugbo ma ọ bụ na-apụtaghị ìhè nwere ngụkọta nke ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka 77, gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ 5 na Germany, ụlọ ọrụ mba ofesi 72, n'otu n'otu bụ nke adsorbent na nke na-akpata nkewa abụọ, maka petrochemical, nhazi nri, ngwa ahịa, ihe nkedo, ọgwụgwọ mmiri. nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ iji nye ihe nrụpụta ọrụ dị elu, adsorbent na mgbakwunye ngwaahịa na ngwọta.
Azụmahịa na-akpali akpali nke Nanfang Chemical Company bụ nke ngalaba na-akpali akpali. Nkewa ahụ nwere Teknụzụ Catalyst, Energy na Environment.
A na-ekewa ngalaba teknụzụ Catalyst n'ime otu azụmaahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ anọ: mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, ihe ndị na-eme ka mmanụ ala, ihe nnụcha mmanụ na ihe na-eme ka polymerization.
Ihe na-akpali akpali iche nke Nanfang Chemical tumadi gụnyere: akụrụngwa ọcha ihe mkpali, petrokemịkalụ, kemịkalụ, ihe nnụcha mmanu, ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka mmanụ, olefin polymerization, ihe na-eme ka ikuku dị ọcha, ihe na-eme ka mmanụ ọkụ.
Mara: Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Clariant enwetala ụlọ ọrụ Southern Chemical Company (SUD-Chemie).
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-17-2023
