Site na mmụba na-aga n'ihu n'ike nchacha zuru ụwa ọnụ, ụkpụrụ ngwaahịa mmanụ siri ike, na mmụba na-aga n'ihu n'ọchịchọ maka ihe ndị e ji kemịkalụ emepụta, oriri nke ihe na-akpalite nchacha anọwo na-eto eto mgbe niile. N'ime ha, mmụba kachasị ngwa ngwa bụ na akụ na ụba ọhụrụ na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe.
N'ihi ụdị ihe dị iche iche e ji emepụta ihe, ngwaahịa na usoro ngwaọrụ dị iche iche nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ọ bụla, maka iji ihe ndị ọzọ e ji emepụta ihe iji nweta ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ihe ndị e ji emepụta kemịkalụ mee nke ọma, nhọrọ nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere ike ịgbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ nhọrọ ka mma nwere ike idozi nsogbu ndị bụ isi nke ụlọ nrụpụta ihe dị iche iche na ngwaọrụ dị iche iche.
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na Eshia Pasifik, Afrịka na Middle East, ọnụọgụ oriri na ọnụego uto nke ihe mkpali niile, gụnyere nchacha, polymerization, mmepụta kemịkalụ, wdg, dị elu karịa nke mpaghara ndị mepere emepe na Europe na United States.
N'ọdịnihu, mgbasawanye nke hydrogenation mmanụ gasoline ga-abụ nke kachasị ukwuu, nke sochiri ya bụ hydrogenation etiti distillate, FCC, isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrogenation naphtha, mmanụ dị arọ (mmanụ fọdụrụ), hydrogenation alkylation (superposition), reforming, wdg, yana ọchịchọ catalyst kwekọrọ na ya ga-amụbakwa.
Agbanyeghị, n'ihi usoro ojiji dị iche iche nke ihe na-eme ka mmanụ dị ọcha na-agbaze, ọnụọgụ ihe na-eme ka mmanụ dị ọcha enweghị ike ịbawanye na mmụba nke ikike. Dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ ahịa ahịa si kwuo, ọtụtụ ahịa bụ ihe na-eme ka hydrogenation dị ike (hydrotreating na hydrocracking, nke ruru 46% nke mkpokọta), ihe na-eme ka FCC dị ike (40%), ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka mmanụ dịghachi mma (8%), ihe na-eme ka alkylation dị ike (5%) na ndị ọzọ (1%).
Lee ihe ndị bụ isi nke ihe na-akpali akpali sitere n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ama ama n'ụwa niile:
1. Axens
E hiwere Axens na June 30, 2001, site na njikọta nke ngalaba nnyefe teknụzụ nke Institut Francais du Petrole (IFP) na Procatalyse Catalysts and Additives.
Axens bụ otu nọọrọ onwe ya nke na-eji ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 70 nke ahụmịhe nyocha na mmepe na ihe ndị ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke French Institute of Petroleum Research rụzuru iji mezuo ikike usoro, imewe ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ ndị metụtara ya, na-enye ngwaahịa (katalyst na adsorbents) maka imecha ihe, mmanụ ala na mmepụta gas.
A na-erekarị ihe ndị na-akpali akpali na ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime Axens na-akpali akpali na North America na Europe.
Ụlọ ọrụ a nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-akpali akpali, gụnyere ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ụlọ dịkwuo mma, ihe ndị dị n'ọkwa, ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ụlọ dịkwuo mma ...
2. LyondellBasell
Isi ụlọ ọrụ Lyondellbasell dị na Rotterdam, Netherlands.
E hiwere Basel na Disemba 2007, ọ bụkwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta polyolefin kacha ukwuu n'ụwa. Basell zụtara LyondellChemicals maka ijeri dọla $12.7 iji guzobe ụlọ ọrụ LyondellBasell ọhụrụ. A haziri ụlọ ọrụ a n'ime ngalaba azụmaahịa anọ: Azụmaahịa Mmanụ, Azụmaahịa Kemịkalụ, Azụmaahịa Polymer, Teknụzụ na Azụmaahịa Nnyocha na Mmepe; O nwere ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe iri isii na mba iri na itoolu, a na-erekwa ngwaahịa ya ihe karịrị mba 100 n'ụwa niile, yana ndị ọrụ 15,000. Mgbe e guzobere ya, ọ ghọrọ ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ nke atọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa.
Site n'ilekwasị anya na olefin, polyolefin na ihe ndị ọzọ metụtara ya, inweta Lyander Chemicals na-eme ka akara aka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na petrochemicals dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka ọnọdụ onye ndu ya na polyolefin sikwuo ike, ma na-eme ka ọnọdụ ya na propylene oxide (PO), ngwaahịa PO-linked styrene monomer na methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) sikwuo ike, yana na ngwaahịa acetyl. Na PO derivatives dị ka butanediol na propylene glycol ethers bụ isi ọnọdụ;
Ụlọ ọrụ Lyondellbasell bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ polymer, petrochemical na mmanụ ọkụ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Ọ bụ onye ndu ụwa na teknụzụ polyolefin, mmepụta na ahịa; Ọ bụ onye mbụ na propylene oxide na ihe ndị sitere na ya. Ọ bụ onye na-emepụta mmanụ ọkụ na ngwaahịa ya a nụchara anụcha, gụnyere biofuels;
Lyondellbasell nọ n'ọkwa mbụ n'ụwa n'ike mmepụta polypropylene na mmepụta ihe na-akpali polypropylene. Ike mmepụta nke propylene oxide nọ n'ọkwa nke abụọ n'ụwa. Ike mmepụta polyethylene nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ n'ụwa; Ọ nọ n'ọkwa nke anọ n'ụwa n'ike mmepụta propylene na ethylene; Ike mmepụta mbụ n'ụwa nke styrene monomer na MTBE; Ike mmepụta TDI bụ 14% nke ụwa, nke nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ n'ụwa; Ike mmepụta Ethylene nke nde tọn 6.51/afọ, onye nke abụọ kachasị na North America; Na mgbakwunye, LyondellBasell bụ onye nke abụọ na-emepụta HDPE na LDPE na North America.
Lyander Basell Industries nwere ngụkọta osisi anọ na-emepụta ihe na-akpali akpali, abụọ na Germany (Ludwig na Frankfurt), otu na Italy (Ferrara) na otu na United States (Edison, New Jersey). Ụlọ ọrụ a bụ onye na-eweta ihe na-akpali akpali PP n'ụwa niile, ihe na-akpali akpali PP ya na-agụnyekwa 1/3 nke òkè ahịa ụwa; ihe na-akpali akpali PE na-agụnye 10% nke òkè ahịa ụwa.
3. Johnson Mathey
E hiwere Johnson Matthey n'afọ 1817 ma isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na London, England. Johnson Matthey bụ onye ndu ụwa na teknụzụ ihe eji eme ihe dị elu, nwere ngalaba azụmaahịa atọ: Teknụzụ Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Ngwaahịa Metal Dị Oké Ọnụ Ahịa na Fine Chemicals & Catalysts.
Isi ọrụ otu a gụnyere mmepụta nke ihe na-akpali ụgbọala, mmepụta nke ihe na-akpali injin dizel dị arọ na sistemụ njikwa mmetọ ha, ihe na-akpali mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ na akụrụngwa ha, ihe na-akpali usoro kemịkalụ na teknụzụ ha, mmepụta na ire kemịkalụ dị mma na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ọgwụ, nchacha mmanụ, nhazi ígwè dị oké ọnụ ahịa, na mmepụta nke agba na mkpuchi maka ụlọ ọrụ iko na seramiiki.
N'ọrụ mmepụta ihe na kemịkalụ, Johnson Matthey na-emepụta ihe na-akpali methanol synthesis catalyst, ihe na-akpali ammonia sịntetik, ihe na-akpali hydrogen mmepụta, ihe na-akpali hydrogenation catalyst, ihe na-akpali ihe dị ọcha, ihe na-akpali tupu mgbanwe, ihe na-akpali steam mgbanwe, ihe na-akpali okpomọkụ dị elu, ihe na-akpali mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị ala, ihe na-akpali methanation catalyst, ihe na-akpali deodorization catalyst, wdg. Aha ha bụ KATALCO, PURASPEC, HYTREAT, PURAVOC, Sponge MetalTM, HYDECAT, SMOPEX, ODORGARD, ACCENT na ụdị ndị ọzọ.
Ụdị ihe mkpali methanol bụ: ihe mkpali nhicha, ihe mkpali tupu mgbanwe, ihe mkpali ntụgharị steam, ihe mkpali mgbanwe okpomọkụ gas, ihe mkpali mgbanwe okpomọkụ abụọ na ihe mkpali mgbanwe okpomọkụ onwe onye, ihe mkpali mgbanwe na-eguzogide sọlfọ, ihe mkpali mmepụta methanol.
Ụdị ihe mkpali ammonia sịntetik bụ: ihe mkpali nhicha, ihe mkpali tupu mgbanwe, ihe mkpali mgbanwe nke ọkwa mbụ, ihe mkpali mgbanwe nke ọkwa nke abụọ, ihe mkpali mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị elu, ihe mkpali mgbanwe obere okpomọkụ, ihe mkpali methanation, ihe mkpali njikọ ammonia.
Ụdị ihe ndị na-akpali mmepụta hydrogen bụ: ihe na-akpali mmepụta dị ọcha, ihe na-akpali mmepụta tupu mgbanwe, ihe na-akpali mgbanwe steam, ihe na-akpali mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị elu, ihe na-akpali mgbanwe obere okpomọkụ, ihe na-akpali mmepụta methanation.
Ihe ndị na-akpali mmepụta PURASPEC gụnyere: ihe na-akpali mmepụta desulfurization, ihe na-akpali mwepụ mercury, ihe na-akpali mmepụta deCOS, ihe na-akpali mmepụta dị ọcha nke ukwuu, ihe na-akpali mmepụta hydrodesulfurization.
4. Haldor Topsoe, Denmark
Dr. Hardetopso hiwere Helder Topso n'afọ 1940, taa ọ na-ewe ihe dị ka mmadụ 1,700 n'ọrụ. Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya, ụlọ nyocha na ebe injinia dị nso na Copenhagen, Denmark;
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-agba mbọ n'inyocha sayensị, mmepe na ire ọtụtụ ihe na-akpali akpali, ma na-agụnye ịnyefe teknụzụ patent, na injinịa na iwu ụlọ elu catalytic;
Topsoe na-emepụta ihe na-akpali ammonia sịntetik, ihe na-akpali ihe dị ọcha, ihe na-akpali ụgbọala, ihe na-akpali CO, ihe na-akpali ọkụ, ihe na-akpali ọkụ dimethyl ether (DME), ihe na-akpali denitrification (DeNOx), ihe na-akpali methanation, ihe na-akpali methanol, ihe na-akpali mmanụ, ihe na-akpali steam reforming catalyst, ihe na-akpali sulfuric acid, ihe na-akpali mmiri sulfuric acid (WSA).
Ihe ndị na-eme ka mmanụ dị na Topsoe na-arụ ọrụ gụnyere hydrotreating catalyst, hydrocracking catalyst na pressure drop catalyst. N'ime ha, enwere ike kewaa hydrotreating catalyst n'ime naphtha hydrotreating, mmanụ hydrotreating hydrotreating, low sulfur na ultra-low sulfur dizel hydrotreating na FCC pretreatment catalyst dịka ojiji nke mmanụ refining catalyst ụlọ ọrụ ahụ si dị, nwere ụdị 44;
Topsoe nwere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe mkpali abụọ na Denmark na United States, yana ngụkọta nke usoro mmepụta 24.
5. Otu INOES
E hiwere Ineos Group na 1998, ọ bụkwa ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ nke anọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa na onye na-emepụta petrochemicals, kemịkalụ pụrụ iche na ngwaahịa mmanụ ala n'ụwa niile, isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Southampton, UK.
Ineos Group malitere itolite na ngwụcha afọ 1990 site n'inweta akụ ndị na-abụghị isi nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, si otú a na-abanye n'ọkwa ndị isi kemịkalụ n'ụwa.
Ọrụ azụmaahịa Ineos Group gụnyere ngwaahịa petrochemical, kemịkalụ pụrụ iche na ngwaahịa mmanụ ala, gụnyere ABS, HFC, phenol, acetone, melamine, acrylonitrile, acetonitrile, polystyrene na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ nọ n'ọkwa kachasị elu n'ahịa ụwa. PVC, ngwaahịa vulcanization, VAM, PVC composites, linear alpha olefin, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde na ihe ndị sitere na ya, ethylene, polyethylene, petrol, diesel, jet fuel, civil fuel oil na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ nọ n'ọkwa kachasị elu n'ahịa Europe.
Na afọ 2005, Ineos zụtara Innovene site na BP wee banye n'ọrụ mmepụta na ire ahịa nke ihe na-akpali akpali. Azụmahịa ihe na-akpali akpali nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ nke Ineos Technologies, nke na-enyekarị ihe na-akpali akpali polyolefin, ihe na-akpali akpali acrylonitrile, ihe na-akpali akpali maleic anhydride, ihe na-akpali akpali vinyl na ngwọta teknụzụ ha.
A na-emepụta ihe ndị na-akpali akpali nke Polyolefin ruo ihe karịrị afọ 30, na-enye ihe ndị na-akpali akpali, ọrụ teknụzụ na nkwado maka ihe karịrị tọn nde 7.7 nke Innovene™ PE na tọn nde 3.3 nke osisi Innovene™ PP.
6. Mitsui Chemicals
E hiwere Mitsui Chemical na 1997, ọ bụkwa ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na Japan mgbe Mitsuishi Chemical Corporation gasịrị, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta phenol, isopropyl alcohol, polyethylene na polypropylene kachasị elu n'ụwa, isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Tokyo, Japan.
Mitsui Chemical bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta kemịkalụ, ihe pụrụ iche na ngwaahịa ndị yiri ya. A na-ekewa ya ugbu a n'ime ngalaba azụmaahịa atọ: Ihe Ndị A Na-arụ Ọrụ, Kemịkalụ Ndị Dị Elu, na Kemịkalụ Ndị Dị Mkpa. Azụmahịa ihe ndị na-akpali akpali ya bụ akụkụ nke Isi Ụlọ Ọrụ Azụmahịa Kemịkalụ Ndị Dị Elu; Ihe ndị na-akpali akpali gụnyere olefin polymerization catalyst, molecular catalyst, heterogeneous catalyst, alkyl anthraquinone catalyst na ndị ọzọ.
7, JGC C&C Day swing catalyst Formation Company
E guzobere Nichiwa Catalyst & Chemicals Corporation, nke a makwaara dịka Nichiwa Catalyst & Chemicals Corporation, na Julaị 1, 2008, site na ijikọta azụmaahịa na akụrụngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ abụọ nke Japan Nichiwa Corporation (JGC CORP, mkpọmkpọ okwu ndị China maka NIchiwa), Japan Catalyst Chemical Corporation (CCIC) na Nick Chemical Co., LTD. (NCC). Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
E hiwere CCIC na Julaị 21, 1958, isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dịkwa na Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. N'ịbụ onye na-arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu n'ịmepụta ihe ndị na-akpali akpali, yana ihe ndị na-akpali akpali mmanụ ala dị ka ebe etiti, ngwaahịa ndị a gụnyere ihe ndị na-akpali akpali FCC, ihe ndị na-akpali akpali hydrotreating, ihe ndị na-akpali akpali denitrification (DeNox) na ngwaahịa kemịkalụ dị mma (ihe eji achọ mma, ihe ndị na-ahụ anya, ihe kristal mmiri mmiri na ụdị ngosipụta dị iche iche, ihe ndị na-emepụta semiconductor, wdg). E hiwere NCC na Ọgọst 18, 1952, ya na isi ụlọ ọrụ ya na Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Isi mmepe, mmepụta na ire nke ihe ndị na-akpali akpali kemịkalụ, ngwaahịa ndị a gụnyere ihe na-akpali akpali hydrogenation, ihe na-akpali akpali dehydrogenation, ihe na-akpali akpali alkali siri ike, ihe na-akpali akpali gas, wdg. Ihe ndị na-akpali akpali na ihe ndị na-akpali akpali gburugburu ebe obibi maka batrị ndị a na-agbanyeghachi.
Dịka ngwaahịa ndị ahụ si kwuo, e kewara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ụzọ atọ: ihe na-akpali akpali, kemịkalụ dị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi/ike ọhụrụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-emepụta ma na-ere ihe na-akpali akpali gụnyere ihe na-akpali akpali maka ịsacha mmanụ, ihe na-akpali akpali maka nhazi petrochemical na ihe na-akpali akpali maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.
Ihe ndị na-akpali mmepụta ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ...
Ihe na-akpali mmepụta ike nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere òkè ahịa 80% na Yuropu na 70% na ahịa na United States, ma na-agụnye ihe karịrị 60% nke ihe na-akpali mmepụta ike nke ụlọ ọrụ ike ụwa.
8. SINOPEC Catalyst Co., LTD
Sinopec Catalyst Co., LTD., otu ụlọ ọrụ Sinopec Corporation nwere kpamkpam, bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmepụta, ire na njikwa azụmaahịa ihe mkpali nke Sinopec, na-ahụ maka itinye ego na ọrụ nke azụmaahịa ihe mkpali nke Sinopec, ma na-eduzi njikwa ọkachamara nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe mkpali nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.
Sinopec Catalyst Co., Ltd. bụ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta, ndị na-ebubata na ndị na-enye ọrụ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa maka nchacha na ihe na-akpali kemịkal. Dabere na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha siri ike nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke Petrochemical na Fushun Petrochemical Research Institute, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa ahịa ihe na-akpali akpali nke ụlọ na nke ụwa. Ngwaahịa ihe na-akpali akpali na-ekpuchi ihe na-akpali akpali mmanụ, ihe na-akpali akpali polyolefin, ihe na-akpali akpali nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, ihe na-akpali akpali nke kemịkalụ kol, ihe na-akpali akpali nke nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, ihe na-akpali akpali ndị ọzọ na ụdị isii ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ha na-emezu ihe ahịa obodo chọrọ, a na-ebupụkwa ngwaahịa ndị ahụ na Europe, America, Asia, Africa na ahịa mba ụwa ndị ọzọ.
A na-ekesa isi ihe mmepụta a n'ógbè na obodo isii, gụnyere Beijing, Shanghai, Hunan, Shandong, Liaoning na Jiangsu, ngwaahịa ndị a na-ekpuchikwa ngalaba ihe atọ na-akpali akpali: nchacha mmanụ, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ na ihe ndị bụ isi organic. O nwere nkeji asatọ nke nwere kpamkpam, nkeji abụọ nwere njide, otu ngalaba njikwa enyere, ebe a na-ere ahịa na ọrụ anọ n'ime obodo, yana ụlọ ọrụ nnọchite anya anọ nke mba ofesi.
Oge ozi: Ọgọst-17-2023
